Reefs: Forests of the Sea
Reefs are ridge-like mounds found at the bottom of the ocean and primarily consist of rock frameworks. They’re colourful, full of life, and benefit humans and the environment in several ways. Reefs constitute a large part of ocean life and are home to underwater plants, fish, and other animals.
Coral reefs consist of small animals called coral polyps; they build hard structures made of calcium carbonate. These structures are what we refer to as coral reefs. Tropical, warm, and subtropical shallow waters are typically home to coral reefs. One of the world’s most well-known reefs is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It is the world’s most extensive system, supporting over 1,500 different species of animals and 400 species of coral.
Reefs cover only 0.1% of the ocean floor but support 25% of all marine life. It is incredible how much life thrives in such a small area! These reefs provide habitats, food, breeding grounds, and greenhouse gas absorption through phytoplankton. These services are key to healthy and thriving oceans. Reefs are also integral from social and economic standpoints. They support the tourism industry, maintain fish populations key to the fishing industry, provide medicinal ingredients, and clean our air.
Climate Change: a Threat to Coral Reefs
There are two key climate change impacts that are threatening coral reefs: coral bleaching and ocean acidification. Coral bleaching occurs with climate change induced temperature rises. These are detrimental to coral, killing the reefs and leaving white coral (skeletons) behind. Similarly, increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) linked to climate change can cause ocean acidification. As the ocean absorbs CO2, pH levels lower and the water becomes more acidic, weakening and eventually killing the coral.
Other Impacts: Pollution, Overfishing, Tourism
Pollution that impacts coral reefs often comes from land-based sources. Examples include agricultural runoff, plastic pollution, sewage, and other materials that should not permeate our waters. Overfishing is another key issue that arises when we remove too many fish from the ecosystem. This significant reduction of fish creates ripple effects throughout the ecosystem. It leads to disrupted ecosystem balance and eventually, an overgrowth of algae which kills the coral. Furthermore, excess tourism can cause ecological harm, such as from anchoring, unregulated dividing, and snorkeling tours.
Fun Coral Reef Facts
- Coral is actually an animal, not a rock or a plant.
- Some coral glow in the dark and are visible under ultraviolet light.
- Coral reefs protect coastlines as they reduce impacts of storms, waves, etc.
Coral Reef Conservation Efforts
One of the most notable global actions to help save the coral reefs is the implementation of global conservation acts. One example is the Reef Breakthrough Initiative. Through this initiative, 100 countries have pledged ~$12 billion to protect 12,500 km of coral reef by 2030.
So, want to know what you can do to help? Every action counts! Making small changes in your everyday life can help keep our reefs safe. Conserving energy or using alternative modes of transportation can help to mitigate the impacts of climate change. We can also reduce the usage of fertilizers and properly dispose of waste. Furthermore, when visiting marine environments, practice responsible tourism and refrain from touching coral or wildlife.
Conclusion
Coral reefs are important reminders of our duty to protect ecosystem integrity and ocean health. Ocean and reef conservation efforts can raise awareness and encourage actions that ensure optimal reef health and longevity. Working together is key to protecting our reefs.
About the Author
My name is Angelina Brule. I am a fourth-year student in the Faculty of Forestry at UBC, and I am passionate about environmental conservation and sustainability!
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